Extradigital glomus tumour of the thigh causing 8 years of undiagnosed debilitating pain.

A woman in her mid-50s was referred to a plastic surgeon with an 8-year history of undiagnosed, localised severe, reproducible pain of the right thigh. Treatment with oral and topical analgesics, corticosteroids, acupuncture and physiotherapy did not provide symptom relief. She was referred to multiple specialists over the preceding 8 years including chronic pain physicians, physiatry, orthopaedic surgery and plastic surgery. Investigations including sonographic and MRI eventually revealed a non-specific soft tissue abnormality in the area of tenderness, which was excised en bloc. Histopathology revealed an extradigital glomus tumour. The patient's symptoms immediately and permanently resolved postexcision.Physicians seeing patients suffering from undiagnosed focal, reproducible pain should consider extradigital glomus tumours in their differential diagnosis. Workup for extradigital glomus tumour includes focused sonographic or MRI over the area of pain. Additionally, local injection of an anaesthetic agent can be used to assist with diagnosis.

Preoperative Angiography for Free Fibula Flap Harvest: A Case Series.

Purpose: To assess if preoperative angiography of the lower extremity is necessary to detect abnormalities that alter operative planning of a free fibula flap (FFF). The secondary objective is to determine whether abnormalities are identified on physical examination. Methods: A retrospective case series of patients receiving preoperative lower extremity angiography for FFF was performed. Between November 2004 and July 2016, patients assessed for FFF reconstruction by a single surgeon were reviewed. Outcomes analyzed were preoperative physical examination, angiography findings, changes in operative plan, and perioperative complications including flap failure and limb ischemia. Level of agreement between physical examination and angiography findings was analyzed. Results: A total of 132 consecutive patients were assessed for FFF, of which 70 met the inclusion criteria. Mean age was 60.9 (range: 22-88) years old. All patients underwent aortic angiogram runoff, except for 2 who received computed tomography angiography. The surgical plan was altered based on angiography findings in 9 (12.9%) patients, and 7 (77.8%) of these cases had a normal physical examination. A further 6 (8.6%) patients had physical examination findings precluding the use of FFF, whereas imaging demonstrated the contrary. Physical examination demonstrated low predictability of aberrant vascular anatomy, with a sensitivity of 22.2%. There were no limb ischemia complications. Conclusions: Routine preoperative angiography of the lower extremity for all patients being evaluated for FFF is important to ensure safety and success of the procedure. Physical examination alone is insufficient to detect vascular abnormalities that may result in limb or flap compromise.

Objectif: Évaluer s'il faut procéder à une angiographie préopératoire de l'extrémité inférieure pour déceler des anomalies qui perturbent le plan opératoire en vue du prélèvement d'un lambeau libre de la fibula (ou péroné, LLF). L'objectif secondaire consiste à déterminer si des anomalies sont décelées à l'examen physique. Méthodologie: Les chercheurs ont examiné une série rétrospective de cas ayant subi une angiographie préopératoire de l'extrémité inférieure en vue du prélèvement d'un LLF. Ils ont examiné les patients évalués en vue d'une reconstruction par LLF effectuée par un même chirurgien entre novembre 2004 et juillet 2016. Ils ont analysé l'examen physique préopératoire, les résultats de l'angiographie, les modifications au plan opératoire et les complications périopératoires, y compris l'échec du lambeau et l'ischémie du membre. Enfin, ils ont analysé le degré de convergence entre l'examen physique et les résultats de l'angiographie. Résultats: Les chercheurs ont évalué 132 patients en vue du prélèvement d'un LLF, dont 70 respectaient les critères d'inclusion. Ils avaient un âge moyen de 60,9 ans (plage de 22 à 88 ans). Tous les patients ont subi une angiographie aortique détaillée, sauf deux qui ont subi une angiographie par tomodensitométrie. Le plan opératoire a été modifié en raison des observations angiographiques chez neuf patients (12,9 %), et l'examen physique était normal pour sept d'entre eux (77,8 %). Chez six autres patients (8,6 %), l'examen physique écartait le prélèvement du LLF, mais l'imagerie démontrait le contraire. L'examen physique a établi la faible prévisibilité des aberrations de l'anatomie vasculaire, selon une sensibilité de 22,2 %. Aucune complication ischémique des membres n'a été observée. Conclusions: Il est important de procéder à une angiographie préopératoire systématique de l'extrémité inférieure chez tous les patients évalués en vue du prélèvement d'un LLF pour garantir la sécurité et la réussite de l'intervention. L'examen physique seul ne suffit pas pour déceler les anomalies vasculaires susceptibles d'entraîner une atteinte du membre ou du lambeau.

Prospective Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Early Protected Movement and Splinting for Fifth Metacarpal Neck Fracture.

BACKGROUND: Fifth metacarpal neck fractures account for 20% of all hand fractures, yet there remains debate with respect to management, particularly when conservative treatment is initiated. The objective of this study is to compare functional and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in patients treated with early protected movement or splint immobilization. METHODS: This national multicenter prospective randomized controlled trial compared 2 groups; elastic bandage with early protected movement versus immobilization with splinting. Demographic characteristics were collected at baseline. Functional outcomes (grip strength testing) and PROs (Brief Michigan Hand Questionnaire [bMHQ]) were collected at 4, 8, and 12 weeks post-intervention. Grip strength values of the injured hand were normalized to both the non-injured hand (at baseline), and the Canadian reference values. RESULTS: Thirty-seven participants from 5 Canadian centers were randomized into the splint (n = 21) or elastic bandage group (n = 16). There were no significant differences in the bMHQ score between the splint (52.1 ± 27.2) or the elastic bandage (46.6 ± 20.4) groups (P = .51). There were no differences in baseline grip strength between the splint (15.3 ± 8.9 kg) and elastic bandage (19.9 ± 7.5 kg) groups. At 8 weeks, the elastic bandage group had a significantly higher grip strength than the splint group (93% vs 64%, respectively: P < .05), when standardized as a percentage of the Canadian reference values. CONCLUSION: Patients with Boxer's fractures treated with early protected movement had better functional outcomes by 8 weeks post-treatment as compared to the Canadian reference values of those treated with immobilization and splinting. Providers should manage Boxer's fractures with early protected movement.

RENSEIGNEMENTS GÉNÉRAUX: Les fractures du col du cinquième métacarpien représentent 20 % de toutes les fractures de la main, mais leur prise en charge ne fait pas l'unanimité, en particulier lorsqu'un traitement classique est instauré. L'objectif de cette étude consiste à comparer les résultats fonctionnels et les résultats déclarés par le patient traité au moyen d'une protection contre le mouvement instaurée de manière précoce ou d'une attelle pourimmobilization. MÉTHODOLOGIE: Cet essai multicentrique, national, prospectif, contrôlé et mené à répartition aléatoire a comparé 2 groupes recevant les traitements suivants: un bandage élastique et une protection contre le mouvement instaurée de manière précoce, d'une part, et une attelle pourimmobilization, d'autre part. Les caractéristiques démographiques ont été recueillies au début de l'étude. Les résultats fonctionnels (épreuve de force de préhension) et les résultats déclarés par le patient (questionnaire bMHQ [Brief Michigan Hand Questionnaire], question bref de Michigan portant sur les mains) ont été recueillis 4, 8 et 12 semaines après l'intervention. Les valeurs de la force de préhension de la main blessée ont été normalisées en fonction à la fois de la main non blessée (au départ) et des valeurs de référence canadiennes. RÉSULTATS: Trente-sept participants de cinq centres canadiens ont été répartis aléatoirement dans le groupe traité au moyen d'une attelle (n = 21) ou celui traité par un bandage élastique (n = 16). Aucune différence significative sur le plan du score bMHQ n'a été observé entre les groupes traité au moyen d'une attelle (52,1 ± 27,2) ou d'un bandage élastique (46,6 ± 20,4; P = .51). Il n'y avait aucune différence au chapitre de la force de préhension initiale entre le groupe traité au moyen d'une attelle (15,3 ± 8,9 kg) et celui traité par un bandage élastique (19,9 ± 7,5 kg). Après huit semaines, le groupe traité par un bandage élastique présentait une force de préhension significativement plus élevée que celle du groupe traité au moyen d'une attelle (93 % contre 64 %, respectivement: P < .05), après la normalizationdes valeurs en pourcentage par rapport aux valeurs de référence canadiennes. CONCLUSION: Les patients subissant une « fracture du boxeur ¼ traités au moyen d'une protection contre le mouvement instaurée de manière précoce obtenaient de meilleurs résultats fonctionnels huit semaines après le traitement, vis-à-vis des valeurs de référence canadiennes, que ceux traités par une attelle pourimmobilization. Les professionnels de la santé devraient donc prendre en charge les fractures de boxeur au moyen d'une protection contre le mouvement instaurée de manière précoce.

Assessing patient frailty in plastic surgery: A systematic review.

PURPOSE: With the increase in the aging population, the level of frailty has become an important metric for assessing preoperative patient risk. Although medical and surgical specialties continue to adopt and standardize the use of frailty instruments, few studies within the plastic surgery literature have utilized such instruments to predict poor postoperative outcomes. The purpose of this article is two-fold: (1) to provide a comprehensive review of the existing frailty instruments and (2) to summarise the existing evidence regarding the role of pre-operative frailty assessments on peri­operative morbidity and mortality in plastic surgery. METHODS: This systematic review was registered a priori on the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/vfzw8). A computerized database search of Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane was performed from database inception to December 13, 2020. All articles that examined the effect of preoperative patient frailty on perioperative morbidity and mortality outcomes following plastic surgery interventions were included for data extraction. RESULTS: From the 11 studies included in this review, ten unique frailty instruments were identified. The modified Frailty Index (mFI) and the Fried Frailty Index (FFI) were the most commonly reported frailty measurement tools; however, the FRAIL scale was the only outcome measure identified to be valid, reliable, and responsive to change. Regardless of the frailty measure used, nearly all studies reported that worse surgical outcomes were associated with a higher patient frailty score. CONCLUSION: There is a strong association between higher frailty scores and worse postoperative outcomes in plastic surgery. The FRAIL scale is a clinimetrically sound frailty instrument that should be used in all patients to assess perioperative risk in plastic surgery.

Autologous Craniofacial Fat Grafting in the Irradiated Field.

ABSTRACT: Autologous fat grafting has been used as a reconstructive modality following the treatment of head and neck malignancy. However, it has been criticized for poor graft retention and unpredictable results, which may be further compromised by prior radiation therapy. This systematic review will consolidate the literature on autologous fat grafting in the previously irradiated craniofacial region and report its effects on aesthetic and functional outcomes, volume resorption, and postoperative complications. A computerized search of Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Web of Science was performed. Screening and data extraction were performed in duplicate. Data were extracted from the included articles, and outcomes were analyzed categorically. Sixty patients from six studies were included. Mean age was 46.06 years (range 13-73) and 37.5% were female. All studies used the Coleman technique fat grafting or a modified version. A total of 94.9% of patients had significant improvement in aesthetic outcomes and 86.1% in the study specific functional outcomes. Mean graft volume resorption was 41% (range 20%-62%) and there were three (5%) postoperative complications. Autologous fat grafting is increasingly being used to optimize aesthetic outcome following head and neck reconstruction, even in the presence of prior radiation treatment. Although the literature to date is encouraging, the heterogeneity in patient population, intervention, outcome measures, and time horizon limit our ability to draw conclusions about the success of craniofacial fat grafting in the irradiated field. Future research should include a large comparative study as well as a protocol for standardizing outcome measures in this population.

Pregnancy and parental leave among plastic surgery residents in Canada: a nationwide survey of attitudes and experiences.

SUMMARY: Small surgical residency programs like plastic surgery can be challenging environments to accommodate parental leave. This study aimed to report the experiences, attitudes and perceived support of Canadian plastic surgery residents, recent graduates and staff surgeons with respect to pregnancy and parenting during training. Residents and staff surgeons were invited via email to participate in an online survey. The results presented here explore experiences of pregnancy and parental leave of current plastic surgery residents and staff surgeons. Residents' and staff surgeons' perceptions of program director support, policies, negative comments and the impact of parental leave on the workload of others were also explored. Although the findings suggest that there may be improvements in the support of program directors, there continues to be a negative attitude in surgical culture toward pregnancy during residency. The perceived confusion of respondents with respect to programspecific policies emphasizes the need for open conversations and standardization of parental leave.

Impact of Rectus Diastasis Repair on Abdominal Strength and Function: A Systematic Review.

Rectus diastasis plication performed during abdominoplasty aims to narrow the widened linea alba and return the rectus muscle bellies to their anatomic position. It is unclear whether plication improves abdominal strength and function. This systematic review summarizes the effect of rectus plication on abdominal strength, function, and postoperative complications. A comprehensive search of CINAHL, Embase, Medline and Web of Science was performed. Screening and data extraction were performed in duplicate. Data were extracted from the included articles, and outcomes were analyzed categorically. A total of 497 patients from seven articles were included. Mean age was 44.5 years (range 20.5-72) and 94.4% were female. Three articles reported abdominal strength measurements, with two showing significant improvement. Four articles used the SF-36 survey, all demonstrating improvement in physical function subscale postoperatively. An additional six instruments were used to assess functional outcomes, of which four demonstrated significant improvement. The overall complication rate was 17.0%. Rectus plication is commonly performed during abdominoplasty to improve abdominal form and function. While the literature to date is encouraging with respect to functional outcomes, improvements in abdominal strength are less consistent. Heterogeneity in patient population, outcome measures, and comparison groups limit the strength of our conclusions. Future research should include a large comparative study as well as a protocol for standardizing outcomes in this population.

Use of the National Surgical Quality Initiative Program in Vascular Surgery Research.

BACKGROUND: The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) is a prospectively collected database that collects 30-day patient outcome data, and analyzes these data for risk adjusted comparisons. The purpose of this review is to determine how this database is used in vascular surgery literature. METHODS: With the assistance of a librarian, a comprehensive search string was developed to survey the NSQIP vascular surgery literature in PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and CINAHL. Two reviewers independently reviewed the articles. To be included in the study articles had to relate to one of the domains of vascular surgery and utilize the NSQIP database. RESULTS: One hundred fifty-six articles were included in this review. All studies were retrospective and the most common study type was retrospective cohort studies (65.4%). Although 2016 was the year with the most published articles (22.4%), 2014 and 2015 stand out as going against the upward trend of number of published articles in respect to year. The most prominent aims of the studies were to find preoperative predictors of adverse outcomes (50.6%). There were a minority of studies investigating quality improvement following implementation of the NSQIP (5.1%) or validation and examination of risk predicting tools (3.8%). Of the surgical domains investigated by studies, the use of aneurysm repair data was most common (33.3%) followed by lower extremity revascularization or amputation (28.2%). Within these surgical domains, majority of studies were interested specifically in open cases (51.9%). Although there was some range in outcomes investigated, mortality and morbidity were one of the primary outcomes in majority of the studies (mortality 65.0%, morbidity 57.3%). CONCLUSIONS: Since its inception, the NSQIP has grown in both hospital implementation and vascular surgery literature. Although a variety of literature exists that uses said NSQIP data to predict and compare adverse events, not much literature exists surrounding the translation of implementing these findings into the hospital setting. Additionally, despite the size of the database, many existing studies investigate similar aims and outcomes to each other.

Scoping Review of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program in Plastic Surgery Research.

BACKGROUND: The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) is a robust, high-quality surgical outcomes database that measures risk-adjusted 30-day outcomes of surgical interventions. The purpose of this scoping review is to describe how the NSQIP is being used in plastic surgery research. METHODS: A comprehensive electronic literature search was completed in PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, and CINAHL. Two reviewers independently reviewed articles to determine their relevance using predefined inclusion criteria. Articles were included if they utilized NSQIP data to conduct research in a domain of plastic surgery or analyzed surgical procedures completed by plastic surgeons. Extracted information included the domain of plastic surgery, country of origin, journal, and year of publication. RESULTS: A total of 106 articles met the inclusion criteria. The most common domain of plastic surgery was breast reconstruction representing 35% of the articles. Of the 106 articles, 95% were published within the last 5 years. The Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery journal published most of the (59%) NSQIP-related articles. All of the studies were retrospective. Of note, there were no articles on burns and only one study on trauma as the domain of plastic surgery. CONCLUSION: This scoping review describes how NSQIP data are being used to analyze plastic surgery interventions and outcomes in order to guide quality improvement in 106 articles. It demonstrates the utility of NSQIP in the literature, however also identifies some limitations of the program as it applies to plastic surgery.

HISTORIQUE: Le Programme national d'amélioration de la qualité des soins chirurgicaux (PNAQC) est une base de données des résultats chirurgicaux à la fois solide et de qualité, qui mesure les résultats des interventions chirurgicales rajustées au risque au bout de 30 jours. La présente étude exploratoire vise à décrire le mode d'utilisation du PNAQC dans la recherche en chirurgie plastique. MÉTHODOLOGIE: Les chercheurs ont procédé à une analyse bibliographique électronique fouillée dans PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE et CINAHL. À l'aide de critères d'inclusion prédéfinis, deux analystes ont examiné des articles de manière indépendante pour en déterminer la pertinence. Ils ont inclus les articles qui utilisaient les données du PNAQC pour mener des recherches dans un domaine de la chirurgie plastique ou analyser les interventions chirurgicales effectuées par des plasticiens. L'information extraite incluait le domaine de la chirurgie plastique, le pays d'origine, la revue scientifique et l'année de publication. RÉSULTATS: Au total, 106 articles respectaient les critères d'inclusion. Le principal domaine de chirurgie plastique était la reconstruction mammaire, qui représentait 35 % des articles. Des 106 articles, 95 % avaient été publiés au cours des cinq années précédentes. La revue Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery avait publié la plupart des articles liés au PNAQC (59 %). Toutes les études étaient rétrospectives. Il est à souligner que, pour ce qui est du domaine de la chirurgie plastique, une seule étude portait sur les brûlures et aucune, sur les traumatismes. CONCLUSION: La présente étude exploratoire décrit le mode d'utilisation des données du PNAQC pour analyser les interventions en chirurgie plastique et leurs résultats pour orienter les améliorations de la qualité dans de 106 articles. Elle démontre l'utilité du PNAQC dans les publications, mais fait également ressortir certaines limites de ce dansgramme en chirurgie plastique.

Adjunctive Dorsal Scapular Nerve Transfer to Suprascapular Nerve for Brachial Plexus Birth Injuries: Case Series.

PURPOSE: Brachial plexus birth injury (BPBI) may result in permanent functional deficits. Brachial plexus birth injury involving the suprascapular nerve (SSN) is conventionally treated using accessory nerve transfer or excision and nerve grafting. This study analyzed shoulder function in patients with BPBI undergoing dorsal scapular nerve (DSN) to SSN transfer. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of all infants referred to the McMaster University Children's Hospital for BPBI between 1999 and 2012. Patients were included if they underwent SSN reconstruction with DSN transfer and functional outcomes were recorded as measured by the active movement scale (AMS). RESULTS: Of the 266 patients referred, 16 met inclusion criteria. From the initial assessment to final follow-up, average AMS scores improved by 4.1 and 4.4 points for shoulder abduction and external rotation, respectively. In addition, 50% of patients had shoulder abduction greater than half of full range of motion and 43% had external rotation greater than half of full range of motion (AMS scores of 6 or greater). No patient had a secondary surgery; however, 9 of 16 had subsequent botulinum toxin injections. CONCLUSIONS: Although DSN to SSN nerve transfers were combined with other interventions and the outcomes cannot be attributed solely to this nerve transfer alone, it presents an alternative approach to SSN reinnervation under circumstances in which the accessory nerve is unavailable, damaged, or suboptimal. Successful results were achieved; thus, further exploration and study are warranted. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic IV.

Brachial Plexus Birth Injury in Elective Versus Emergent Caesarean Section: A Cohort Study.

OBJECTIVE: Although Caesarean section (CS) is protective for brachial plexus birth injury (BPBI), the incidence is not zero. A trial of labour with unfavourable intrauterine positioning is hypothesized to result in excessive force on the brachial plexus. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk of BPBI in emergent CS versus elective CS. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study. The authors used a nationwide demographic sample of all infants born in Canada from 2004 to 2012. BPBI diagnoses, risk factors, and national incidence data were obtained from the Canadian Institute for Health Information Discharge Abstract Database and Hospital Morbidity Database. The primary outcome was risk of BPBI in emergent CS versus elective CS. RESULTS: BPBI incidence was 1.24 per 1000 live births. Known biases may have underestimated the incidence. CS (elective and emergent) was protective for BPBI as compared with vaginal delivery (odds ratio [OR] 0.15; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.13-0.18, P < 0.0001). Emergent CS was a moderately strong risk factor for BPBI versus elective CS (OR 3.14; 95% CI 1.79-5.10, P = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Emergent CS is a moderate risk factor for BPBI compared with elective CS. Intrauterine positioning with a trial of labour may provide an antenatal etiology in these distinct cases.

Functional Outcomes of Late Posttraumatic Enophthalmos Correction.

BACKGROUND: Posttraumatic enophthalmos has debilitating functional consequences, resulting in restriction of ocular motility and diplopia. Surgical correction aims to restore the globe position and ultimately improve function. This study evaluates the functional outcome of posttraumatic enophthalmos repair. METHODS: Patients included in this study had posttraumatic enophthalmos and diplopia requiring enophthalmos repair. Diplopia was graded from 0 (no diplopia) to 4 (constant diplopia) based on the Functional Diplopia Grading Scale. Limitations of eye movements were recorded in the vertical, horizontal, and torsional directions. Data were gathered prospectively at preoperative assessment, postenophthalmos repair, and final follow-up. RESULTS: Between 2002 and 2014, 41 patients fulfilled inclusion criteria. Substantial functional improvement, defined as a decrease of greater than or equal to 1 grade of diplopia, was achieved in 65.9 percent of patients (27 of 41) after all surgical interventions. Patients with residual diplopia (34 of 41) after enophthalmos surgery were managed with secondary strabismus surgery (10 of 34) and/or prism glasses (four of 34). After all interventions, vertical restrictions improved from -1.95 ± 1.13 to -1.06 ± 0.98. Horizontal restrictions improved from -0.88 ± 0.62 to 0.59 ± 0.6. Adequate clinical correction of enophthalmos to within 2 mm of the contralateral globe was achieved in 37 of 41. CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest case series evaluating functional outcomes of patients undergoing posttraumatic delayed enophthalmos repair. A multidisciplinary care approach resulted in improved globe position and eye movement, and improvement of diplopia. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to better understand and treat this important and challenging problem. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, IV.

Aggressive Combined Medical and Surgical Management of Mucormycosis Results in Disease Eradication in 2 Pediatric Patients.

Rhinocerebral mucormycosis is an acute, rapidly fatal, fungal infection, classically involving the nasal mucosa and paranasal sinuses. It is an aggressive, opportunistic infection that frequently progresses to involve the orbit and cerebrum. Cerebral extension in immunocompromised patients is almost universally fatal. There are limited data on mucormycosis in pediatric immunocompromised patients in the literature, with only few reports on rhinocerebral involvement. The immunocompromised patients described in this report presented with suspected periorbital and nasal cellulitis, progressing rapidly to necrotic changes in nasal tissue and oral palatal mucosa. In these patients, the surgical resection of mucormycosis-infected tissue followed by flap reconstruction combined with medical treatment effectively treated the infection, allowed for the rapid resumption of chemotherapy and dramatically improved the quality of life for both the patient and their family.

La mucormycose rhinocérébrale est une infection fongique aiguë qui devient vite fatale et qui touche généralement les muqueuses nasales et les sinus paranasaux. C'est une infection agressive et opportuniste qui évolue souvent pour toucher l'orbite et le cerveau. Chez les patients immunodéprimés, l'atteinte cérébrale est presque toujours fatale. Les données sur la mucormycose chez les patients immunodéprimés d'âge pédiatrique sont limitées dans les publications, et seulement quelques articles traitent de l'atteinte rhinocérébrale. Les patients immunodéprimés décrits dans le présent rapport ont consulté à cause d'une présomption de cellulite périorbitale et nasale qui a évolué rapidement vers une nécrose des tissus nasaux et de la muqueuse oropalatine. Chez ces patients, la résection chirurgicale des tissus infectés par la mucormycose suivie d'une reconstruction par lambeau combinée à un traitement médical, a favorisé la résolution de l'infection, ce qui a permis une reprise rapide de la chimiothérapie et a considérablement amélioré la qualité de vie du patient et de sa famille.

Treatment of ocular metastasis with anti-VEGF: a literature review and case report.

PURPOSE: This is the first case report where 1.25mg intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) correlated with choroidal mass resolution from metastatic breast cancer given concurrently with chemotherapy demonstrating, at best, disease stability in other organs. STUDY DESIGN: Case report. METHODS: Upon confirmation of choroidal, liver and bone metastasis from breast carcinoma, a 72-year-old female received four intravitreal bevacizumab 1.25mg injections based on the presence of subretinal and intraretinal fluid. Visual outcomes were analyzed by ophthalmologic evaluation, B-scan, fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography. RESULTS: After 3 treatments of 1.25mg intravitreal bevacizumab, visual acuity improved from 20/125 OD to 20/30 OD. These results were maintained for 5 months, after which a 4th IVB injection was given to try to further improve visual outcomes. Following this, complete resolution of the mass was observed with remaining pigmentary changes and vision improved to 20/25 one month following this. IVB was administered concurrently to systemic chemotherapy that demonstrated at best disease stability in metastases in other organs. CONCLUSION: In this case 1.25mg intravitreal bevacizumab proved to be a safe, effective and relatively easy treatment for choroidal metastasis from breast cancer. An important benefit of intravitreal bevacizumab therapy for choroidal metastasis is the ease of administration and minimal time commitment required as compared to other therapies. Further studies should be conducted to confirm the appropriate dosing and long-term outcomes of intravitreal bevacizumab to treat choroidal metastasis.

Alice in wonderland and other migraine associated phenomena-evolution over 30 years after headache diagnosis.

BACKGROUND: The International Classification of Headache Disorders-III beta includes a number of episodic syndromes associated with migraine. Those who treat pediatric headaches are aware of a number of other phenomena (such as the Alice in Wonderland syndrome) which are thought to occur as precursors of migraine. There is no available data on the course of these phenomena over the decades following childhood headache diagnosis. METHODS: Patients who were observed by one of the authors in 1983 were contacted by telephone in 1993, 2003, and 2013. Details were gathered regarding the presence and characteristics of ongoing headaches and about the presence of sleepwalking, motion sickness, and distortions of either time or space perceptions. RESULTS: Twenty-eight patients were monitored in 1993, 2003, and 2013. Ongoing headaches were reported by 71%. Sleepwalking was only present in one patient in 2013. More than a third still complained of motion sickness, and more than one quarter still experienced distortions of time. Distortions of space were still reported by nearly 20%. Reporting any of these phenomena was not consistent over time, with some patients reporting distortions for the first time in adulthood. There was no clear correlation with migraine, and patients with tension-type headaches also reported the phenomena. CONCLUSIONS: Motion sickness and distortions of both space and time persist into the fifth decade for many patients initially observed with headaches in childhood. The correlation with migraine is less clear than previously thought.

The prognosis of pediatric headaches--a 30-year follow-up study.

BACKGROUND: Although headaches in childhood are common, there are few data available on their long-term prognosis. We have monitored a group of patients since diagnosis in 1983. METHODS: Patients who were part of the 20-year follow-up study in 2003 were contacted, and data were collected using a standardized telephone interview. Details of headache characteristics and identified precipitants and alleviating factors were gathered. The most effective means of controlling the headaches were also recorded. RESULTS: Follow-up was achieved for 28 of 60 patients (47%). Over the 30 years since diagnosis, eight patients (29%) reported a complete resolution of headaches, including three whose headaches resolved between the 20- and 30-year follow-up studies. The type of headache varied over the 30-year time interval with only three patients maintaining the same headache type at all four time periods of 1983, 1993, 2003, and 2013. Only one patient used prescription medication as the primary method for controlling headaches. The most commonly used intervention was nonprescription analgesia, self-relaxation and/or hypnosis, and precipitant avoidance. CONCLUSIONS: Headaches persist in approximately 70% of children 30 years after diagnosis. Encouraging children to manage their headaches with simple analgesia and precipitant avoidance appears to have long-term benefits.